The effects of flu on the eyes

18/02/2025

Flu is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system. However, its effects can also extend to other parts of the body, including the eyes. Although less well known, ocular complications or discomfort are common during a flu episode and can be very bothersome.

Ocular symptoms associated with flu

During flu, many people experience eye symptoms, which are usually the result of widespread inflammation and the immune system's response to the virus. Some of the most common ocular symptoms include:

• Dry eyes: Fever and dehydration, common during flu, can reduce tear production, causing dryness and discomfort in the eyes.
• Redness: Inflammation causes the blood vessels in the eyes to dilate, resulting in redness.
• Itching, burning, watery eyes: These symptoms may occur due to inflammation or increased ocular sensitivity during a flu episode.
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia): Some people with flu experience discomfort when exposed to bright lights.

Flu-associated conjunctivitis

A relatively common ocular complication during flu is conjunctivitis. The conjunctiva is a transparent membrane that covers the eye and the inside of the eyelid, which can become inflamed during a flu episode. The main symptom of conjunctivitis is discharge (commonly known as "sleep" or eye crust), but it can also be associated with redness, swelling, itching, and a gritty sensation in the eyes.

Prevention and care

To minimise the effects of flu on the eyes, it is essential to take preventive and care measures. Some recommendations include:

• Maintain good eye hygiene: Avoid touching the eyes with dirty hands and wash your hands frequently to prevent infections.
• Do not share items that have come into contact with the affected eye, such as towels, bed sheets, or pillows.
• Keep the room well ventilated to refresh the air and reduce the concentration of viruses in the environment.
• Avoid exposure to smoky environments, as smoke can irritate the respiratory tract and worsen both flu symptoms and eye irritation.
• Rinse the eyes with cold saline solution (stored in the fridge) several times a day to help reduce inflammation and clean discharge in cases of conjunctivitis.
• Lubricate the eyes: Artificial tears help combat dryness and eye irritation.
• Consult a specialist: If eye symptoms are severe or do not improve, it is important to visit an ophthalmologist to rule out more serious complications.

Ocular symptoms associated with flu are usually temporary and manageable with basic care, but in more severe cases, they may require medical attention. Recognising these signs and treating them appropriately can improve quality of life during illness and prevent further complications.

Dr Paola Sauvageot, ophthalmologist at the Barraquer Ophthalmology Centre